Yes, at the moment the custom field integration is the only way to get multiple image sizes. But we want to find a workaround for article images too.
Note that you can define multiple image sizes in a single custom field there is no need for multiple fields. I want to make this clear, all the image sizes of the same field are variations of the same image. You can't have different images in the same custom field.
Also, keep in mind that Econa is using srcset and sizes attributes, not the source tags with media queries.
You use the sizes attribute to let the browser know your desired display dimensions for the image. Then the browser picks up the best match automatically considering the actual image dimensions and the device screen density.
Since you are familiar with a bit of HTML you may want to check how this works:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Regards